Which type of error is caused by interference from a learner's first language?

• A. Discourse Errors
• B. Transfer Errors
• C. Systematic Errors
• D. Overgeneralizing

Answer: (B)

Interference from a learner’s first language shows up as transfer errors. This happens when a learner applies rules, structures, or patterns from their native language to English, producing mistakes that reflect L1 rather than English norms. For example, a child whose home language doesn’t use articles might say “I want apple” instead of “I want an apple,” or might carry over word order from their L1. These errors reveal how the first language shapes the second during early language development.

Discourse errors involve problems with connecting ideas and maintaining coherence in speech or writing, not with translating L1 rules into L2. Overgeneralizing is when a learner applies a grammar rule too broadly within the second language, a development pattern rather than direct L1 influence. Systematic errors can arise from ongoing processes of learning English itself, not specifically from first-language interference.